To compare the effects of Chaige Jieji Decoction assisted with western medicine and western medicine alone on children with upper respiratory tract infection with high fever.Methods:A total of 192 children with high fever due to upper respiratory tract infection admitted to WuHan Red Cross Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were randomly divided into a control group(96 cases)and an observation group(96 cases)according to the order of visiting.The control group was treated with physical hypothermia，ibuprofen suspension and ribavirin granules，and the observation group was added Chaige Jieji Decoction for 5 days.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)，interleukin-10(IL-10)，procalcitonin(PCT)，hypersensitive C-reactive protein(CRP)，intercellular adhesion factor-1(ICAM-1)and vascular cell adhesion factor-1(VCAM-1)were observed and compared before and after treatment.The immune response index IgA，IgM，IgG，C3，C4 content before and after the treatment were observed and compared; The fever onset time，fever disappearance time，hospitalization time changes of the 2 groups were compared; adverse reaction detection was conducted in the course of treatment; After completion of the treatment，the clinical effect was evaluated.Results:There was no significant difference in IL-1β，IL-10，PCT，CRP，ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 between the 2 groups before treatment(P > 0.05).After treatment，the above indexes in both groups were significantly decreased than those before treatment(P<0.05)，and the above indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).2)There was no significant difference in IgA，IgM，IgG，C3，C4 between the 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment，the above indexes in both groups were significantly increased than those before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment，the above indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).3)The onset time，disappearance time and hospitalization time of fever regression in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).4)The cure rate and total effective rate of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group，with significant differences(P<0.05).5)There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea，vomiting，diarrhea，constipation and allergic reaction between the 2 groups(P > 0.05).Conclusion:Chaige Jieji Decoction can inhibit inflammation and improve immunity in children with high fever caused by upper respiratory tract infection，with significant efficacy.