To explore the effects and mechanism of Buqi Tongzhi Decoction combined with butylphthalide on transient ischemic attack(TIA)with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods:A total of 156 cases of TIA patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis type in Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from July 2016 to November 2017 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group，with 78 cases in each group.The 2 groups received routine symptomatic treatment，while the control group was given butylphthalide on the basis of conventional treatment.The observation group was additionally given Buqi Tongzhi Decoction on the basis of the control group.The 2 groups were treated with 14 d for 1 cycle，and the clinical efficacy was observed after 3 cycles of treatment.The patients in the 2 groups were followed-up regularly for 6 months.The clinical efficacy of the 2 groups was compared，and the changes of serum inflammatory factors，hemorheology indexes and hemodynamic indexes of the 2 groups were compared before and after treatment.The prognosis of patients in 2 groups was compared during the follow-up period.Results:After treatment，the total effective rate of the observation group(73.08%)was higher than that of the control group(56.41%)(P<0.05).After treatment，the levels of CRP and PCT in serum of the 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.01)，and the level of CRP and PCT in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).Compared with before treatment，the fibrinogen level，low shear whole blood viscosity and high shear whole blood viscosity of the 2 groups decreased after treatment(P<0.01)，and that of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).After treatment，Vmean and Qmean increased significantly，R decreased significantly(P<0.01)，and there was a significant difference between the 2 groups(P<0.01).During the follow-up period，the recurrence rate and the incidence of cerebral infarction in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05)，but there was no significant difference in mortality between the 2 groups(P > 0.05).Conclusion:The combination of Buqi Tongzhi Decoction combined with butylphthalide is effective in the treatment of TIA with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.It can reduce the inflammatory degree and blood viscosity of the body，improve the blood flow velocity of the brain，and the rate of clinical recurrence and cerebral infarction is lower.It is worthy of clinical popularization.