To study and explore clinical efficacy and safety of Longmu Zhuanggu Granules compared with Calcium Carbonate D3 Granules in prevention and treatment of early vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants.Methods:A total of 84 healthy newborns born in Huangshi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 42 cases in each group.The control group was given Calcium Carbonate D3 Granules for prevention and treatment, while the observation group was given Longmu Zhuanggu Granules for prevention and treatment.After 12 months of continuous administration, incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets, blood biochemical indexes, bone mineral density(BMD), changes of non-specific neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs during follow-up, height, weight and safety were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in the observation group was 4.76%(2/42), which was lower than that in the control group(19.05%(8/42).There was a significant difference between the 2 groups(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in serum biochemical indexes between the 2 groups before the treatment.There was no statistical difference in 25-(OH)D3 and calcium-phosphorus product between the observation group and the control group after the treatment(P>0.05).Levels of serum osteocalcin(BGP)and bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups(P<0.05).After 12 months of the treatment, the BMD level in the observation group was slightly higher than that in the control group, and there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups(P>0.05).After 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of follow-up observation, the incidence of changes in non-specific neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The height and weight in the observation group were slightly higher than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P>0.05).During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 9.52%(4/42), which was lower than that in the control group 26.19%(11/42).There was significant difference between the 2 groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with Calcium Carbonate D3 Granules, Longmu Zhuanggu Granules is more effective in the prevention and treatment of early vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants.It can significantly improve the morbidity, serological indicators, and changes in non-specific neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs, and has a better therapeutic safety, which is worthy of clinical recommendation.