At present,with the increasing incidence of gouty arthritis year by year,more and more studies have been done on the inflammatory reaction and pain mechanism of gouty arthritis.Scholars believe that the disease is mainly caused by the deposition of uric acid and ATP stimulating the expression of P2X7R,NLRP3 and NEK7 to induce the maturation and secretion of inflammatory factors,but the specific mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,this paper reviewed the research progress of P2X7R,NLRP3 and NEK7 at home and abroad,in order to explore the pathogenesis of inflammation and pain in GA,and to provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of GA.