To explore the inhibitory effect of Pingchuan Decoction on bronchial airway inflammation in mice，and whether its mechanism is related to the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Methods:A total of 38 C57BL/6 male mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into a blank control group，an asthma model group，a low-dose Pingchuan Decoction group(15 g/kg)，and a medium-dose Pingchuan Decoction group(30 g/kg)，a high-dose Pingchuan Decoction group(60 g/kg)and a positive drug(dexamethasone)and a control group.A mouse bronchial asthma model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection and intranasal inhalation of egg protein sensitization method.Except for the positive control group who was given dexamethasone intraperitoneally，the other groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage for 4 consecutive weeks.After the last administration，the general condition of the mice，behavioral scores(number of sneezing，scratching，and degree of shortness of breath)，the total number of cells in the mouse alveolar lavage fluid，neutrophils，eosinophils，lymphocytes and Macrophage count，expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β，IL-6，TNF-α and MCP-1 in alveolar lavage fluid，expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream target inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in lung tissue were observed.Results:Pingchuan Decoction can effectively reduce the behavioral scores of asthmatic mice，reduce the total number of alveolar lavage fluid cells，neutrophils，eosinophils，lymphocytes and macrophages，and down-regulate the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL in the alveolar lavage fluid-6，TNF-α and MCP-1 expression，inhibit the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome，IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA and protein in lung tissue.Conclusion:Pingchuan Decoction can reduce the respiratory tract symptoms of asthma by inhibiting the airway inflammation mediated by the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes.