With the ancient silk road as the medium,there is a long time of material and cultural exchanges between China and India.As one of the 4 quintessence of China,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is characterized by simplicity and cheapness.It is also an important carrier of material and cultural exchanges between China and India.“Free ride” of the ancient silk road is carried out,the spread of traditional Chinese medicine in India is mainly promoted and driven by specific forms such as trade contacts,westward travel,diplomatic activities and etc.Since 2013,with the “Belt and Road Initiative”,TCM has ushered in a new round of development in India,but the overall situation is not optimistic.So it is particularly important to make full use of the experience of TCM communication and development in India under the ancient silk road to promote the wider and deeper popularization of TCM in India in the new era.