To observe the effect of Tianwang Buxin Pill on the behavior of insomnia model rats and to explore its effect on TLR4 pathway.Methods:The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of chlorophenylalanine.A total of 45 rats were randomly divided into a model group,a low dose Tianwang Buxin Pill group (7 g/kg) and a high dose Tianwang Buxin Pill group (28 g/kg).Another 15 rats in the blank group were established.After continuous intervention with Chinese medicine for 7 days,the changes of open field behavior,sleep time,Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) and peripheral serum nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B),TIR base domain linker molecule for inducing interferon β (TRIF) were compared in each group.Results:Tianwang Buxin Pill could significantly reduce the central lattice residence time and modification times of insomnia model rats,and prolong the sleep time and shorten the sleep latency (P<0.05).The levels of NF-κ B,TRIF,TNF-α,IL-1 in peripheral blood and TLR4 and MyD88 in dorsal raphe nucleus decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion:Tianwang Buxin Pill can improve insomnia,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of immunity through TLR4 pathway.