The development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) industry depended on the efficient utilization and sustainable development of Chinese medicine resources.Much waste was inevitably produced in the process of deep processing of Chinese medicine,the extensive and low-value utilization of these waste medicine residues brought a huge waste and environmental pollution.In recent years,the application of bi-directional fermentation technology on improving the utilization of Chinese medicine residue has attracted much attention.Based on the biological transformation of Chinese medicine dregs,this paper discusses the characteristics and advantages of the two-way fermentation technology of Chinese medicine dregs,introduces the main types of microorganisms currently used in the two-way fermentation of dregs and their transformation systems,and discusses the development prospects of two-way fermentation of Chinese medicine dregs.