To explore the target genes and signaling pathways of Erxian Decoction in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI) based on network pharmacology.Methods:The effective components and targets of Erxian Decoction and the targets of POI were retrieved from public databases，and the common targets of the disease and the decoction were identified.STRING was used to collect the protein-protein interaction information and build the active component-target gene network.Finally，ClusterProfilerR was applied for Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment.Results:A total of 92 effective components and 205 targets of Erxian Decoction and 3 425 targets related to the disease were identified.The active component-target network comprised 239 nodes and 1 153 edges.The key active components were quercitrin，kaempferol，β-sitosterol，stigmasterol，luteolin，etc.A total of 173 core proteins were screened out according to the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network.The core targets were involved in the GO terms of 1 939 biological processes(BPs)，72 cellular components(CCs)，and 141 molecular function(MFs)，and 164 KEGG pathways，including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway，mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway，and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling pathway.Conclusion:The active components of Erxian Decoction such as quercitrin，kaempferol，β-sitosterol，stigmasterol，and luteolin act on MAPK1，AKT1，JUN，REL-associated protein(RELA) and other targets through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway，MAPK signaling pathway，and TNF signaling pathway，thereby exerting therapeutic effect on POI.