To investigate the effects of Lichong Decoction on the apoptosis and proliferation of uterine fibroid based on the expression of immune-related cytokines.Methods:The uterine fibroid model was induced in mice by xenotransplantation，and the model mice were randomly divided into a model group，a Lichong Decoction group，and a positive drug group，with six mice in each group.Six normal mice were assigned to the normal group.Drug intervention was conducted for four weeks.The ultrastructure of uterine smooth muscle cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of Caspase-3 and Ki67 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of IL-12p70，IL-1β，IL-6，and growth-related oncogene(GRO/KC) was detected by Meso Scale Discovery(MSD)-electrochemiluminescence method.Results:Compared with the model group，the Lichong Decoction group showed improved ultrastructure of uterine smooth muscle cells，ameliorative cell arrangement and the thickening of the cell membrane，increased expression of Caspase-3 in uterine tissues(P<0.01)，decreased expression of Ki67(P<0.01)，elevated expression of IL-12p70 in the serum(P<0.05)，and reduced expression of IL-1β，IL-6，and GRO/KC(P<0.05，P<0.01).Conclusion:Lichong Decoction can promote the apoptosis of uterine fibroid and inhibit its cell proliferation and its molecular mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of immune-related cytokines.