Treating heart failure based on the theory of “heart and spleen” sprouts in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic.Many studies have proved that there is a close and inseparable relationship between intestinal flora and heart failure.This research discussed the connotation of simultaneous treatment of heart and spleen with heart failure and intestinal flora from the interaction of physiology,pathology,and meridians of heart and spleen,and explored the relationship between the heart and spleen and the intestinal flora and heart failure based on the function of heart and spleen in traditional Chinese medicine,pathological factors,and research on Chinese medicine.This research is expected to provide guidance and references for clinical trials.