To analyze the effect of Dendrobii Caulis on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related molecular mechanism by network pharmacology.Methods:The known active components and target proteins of Dendrobii Caulis were obtained through the retrieval of PubChem.GeneCards,the human gene database,was used to obtain T2DM-related disease genes.Cytoscape 3.8.0 was used to construct the “Dendrobii Caulis active component-target protein” interaction network and the “Dendrobii Caulis target-T2DM disease gene” protein-protein interaction (PPI) network,and the topology structure of the network was analyzed.OmicShare website was used to analyze the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment pathways of Dendrobii Caulis against T2DM.Results:Fifteen active components and 57 target proteins corresponding to Dendrobii Caulis were screened out,and the main active components were luteolin and apigenin.The key proteins were estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and casein kinase Ⅱ alpha (CSNK2A1).The GO enrichment results suggested that Dendrobii Caulis was involved in biological processes such as the metabolic process and the response to endogenous stimuli.It was involved in the regulation of molecular functions such as enzyme binding,protein binding,and transcription factor binding.The KEGG pathway enrichment results suggested that Dendrobii Caulis treated T2DM by acting on forkhead box O (FoxO),advanced glycation end-products-receptor advanced glycation end products (AGEs-RAGE),phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT),and other signaling pathways to regulate the cellular inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance.Conclusion:The treatment of T2DM with Dendrobii Caulis involves multiple targets and signaling pathways,which may be interfered with antioxidant stress,inhibition of inflammatory response,and insulin resistance.