To analyze the optimal protocols of Shengmai Injection in the treatment of heart failure(HF) based on the Louvain algorithm.Methods:The medication protocols of Shengmai Injection in the treatment of HF were analyzed.The medical data of 3 382 inpatients with HF whose symptoms were improved after using Shengmai Injection were collected from the Hospital Information System(HIS) of 29 Grade III Level A hospitals in China.The data were analyzed by using the Louvain algorithm to explore the optimal protocols of Shengmai Injection against HF.Results:For the basic treatment of HF patients,Shengmai Injection combined with aspirin,simvastatin,metoprolol,and captopril could be used; for those with severe edema,Shengmai Injection combined with digoxin,furosemide,spironolactone,and potassium magnesium aspartate could be employed; for those with upper respiratory tract infection,Shengmai Injection combined with cefuroxime and levofloxacin could be used; for those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),Shengmai Injection combined with cefoperazone and β-lactamase inhibitor,theophylline,ambroxol,and Tanreqing Injection could be used; for those with diabetes,Shengmai injection combined with insulin could be used; for those with hypertension,Shengmai Injection combine with isosorbide mononitrate,bisoprolol,and Danhong Injection could be used; for those with cerebral hemorrhage,Shengmai Injection combined with mannitol and Xingnaojing Injection could be used.Conclusion:The optimal protocols found in this study were basically consistent with the clinical guidelines.However,due to the deficiencies in the data collection attributed to the real-world research and complex actual clinical situation,the clinical medication protocols provided in this study could be used only for reference,and many clinical studies are still needed to explore more effective combined medication protocols.