Language and cognition/thinking have always been inextricably intertwined.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis，a major language theory of the 20th century，argues that “language determines thinking”，and Wittgenstein also said that “the limits of my language are the limits of my world”.If the role of language is really like this，the study on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) thinking from the perspective of language will be the unique way to explore TCM thinking.TCM language is a natural language，and is presented in the form of Chinese characters or symbols.The creation of Chinese characters reflects the metaphorical thinking of ancient Chinese.The metaphorical types in TCM are classified by the formation methods of Chinese characters，and we continued using their names and meanings without variation，in the order of pictograph metaphor，matter metaphor，meaning metaphor and sound metaphor.It was found that the uniqueness of TCM thinking is rooted in the particularity of Chinese language，and it is the particularities of Chinese language and culture that determine the uniqueness of TCM thinking.Therefore，to learn TCM language is a necessity to learn TCM.TCM language is like an old city，a maze of small hutongs and squares，old and new houses，and houses with extensions from different periods.Only those who come out of the maze can discover another world of the human body from TCM language based on metaphorical cognition.