To analyze the effects of Buyin Yizhi Decoction Dispensing Granules(BYD) on memory and sleep quality of sleep-deprived(SD) mice and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into a normal control group，a model group，low-，medium-，and high-dose BYD groups(6，12，and 18 g/kg)，and a positive control group(0.9 mg/kg)，with 10 mice in each group.The long-term SD model was established.The learning and memory ability，neurotransmitter level，sleep quality，and apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons were detected.The protein expression of learning and memory pathway kinase A-Cβ subunit(PKA-Cβ)/cyclic AMP response element-binding protein(CREB)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB) and nerve regeneration pathway ligand protein(Wnt)/β-catenin/β-galactosidase(β-gal) was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the normal control group，the model group showed reduced learning and memory ability and sleep quality，abnormal release of neurotransmitters，increased apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons，and decreased protein expression of memory pathway PKA-Cβ/CREB/TrkB and nerve regeneration pathway Wnt/β-catenin/β-gal(P<0.05).Compared with the model group，the BYD groups and the positive control group showed increased learning and memory ability and sleep quality，normalized neurotransmitter release，decreased apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons，and increased protein expression of learning，memory and nerve regeneration pathways(P<0.05).Conclusion:BYD can regulate the release of neurotransmitters，promote the activation of memory and nerve regeneration pathways，and improve the sleep quality and learning and memory ability of SD mice.