To explore the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome elements of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome.Methods:The literature about liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in the past five years was collected.On the basis of the principle of evidence-based medicine，the database was established with Microsoft Office Excel 2007，and the literature meeting the inclusion criteria was recorded and checked.The SPSS 20.0 statistics was adopted to analyze the frequency of syndrome elements.Results:The diseases associated with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome are mainly intestinal diseases，hepatobiliary diseases，stomach diseases，mental diseases，endocrine diseases，and cancers.In terms of disease location，the syndrome elements are mainly distributed in the liver，spleen，kidney，stomach，heart，breast，and gallbladder.In terms of disease nature，elements of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome are qi deficiency，qi depression，phlegm，blood stasis，qi stagnation，fire，and toxin.In addition to emotional stimulation，external pathogen，epidemic pathogen，dietary irregularities，overexertion and fatigue，external sensation，and chronic illness can also serve as inducing factors.The treatment methods include soothing the liver，invigorating the spleen，resolving phlegm，dispelling dampness，tonifying the kidney，activating blood，resolving stasis，and removing the toxin.Conclusion:Liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome is characterized by diverse TCM elements，complex inducing factors，and flexible treatment methods.At present，it is urgent to innovate its pathogenesis with syndrome elements as a breakthrough to efficiently guide clinical practice.