Malignant tumors have always been a problem in the medical field.In recent years，the incidence of malignant tumors has continued to increase.Although there are many therapeutic methods to treat tumors，surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy is still the first-line approach.Among many adverse reactions during chemotherapy，bone marrow suppression is undoubtedly the most common and potentially life-threatening.Moxibustion，as a treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)，has a good therapeutic effect on the symptoms of leukopenia caused by bone marrow suppression，and also has a good preventive effect on malignant tumors.This article mainly expounded the understanding of bone marrow suppression in modern medicine and TCM and reviewed the clinical and scientific research on the prevention and treatment of bone marrow suppression by moxibustion and the improvement of bone marrow suppression by immunomodulation in the past five years.