Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by non-specificity，easy recurrence，and persistent intestinal ulcers，and it is listed as one of the modern intractable diseases by the World Health Organization.Studies have found that intestinal microecological imbalance leads to damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier(including immune barrier，mechanical barrier，and biological barrier)，triggering immune dysfunction，which in turn is involved in the development and progression of UC.In the treatment of UC，traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) not only has the advantages of low recurrence rate，few side reactions，and mild effects，but also has a positive regulatory effect on the immune inflammatory response and intestinal microecological balance.Therefore，this paper discussed the research progress on TCM in the treatment of UC by regulating gut microbiota to improve immune disorders and explored intervention measures based on the gut microbiota to provide new ideas for the treatment of UC.