To investigate and summarize the syndromes and syndrome element distribution of primary liver cancer(PLC).Methods:The China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)，China Science Periodical Database(CSPD) and Chinese Citation Database(CCD) were retrieved for the related literature on PLC differentiation from the date of construction to April 2021; three researchers，according to the literature inclusion and exclusion criteria，independently completed document screening，TCM syndrome collection and summarization，normalization of syndrome names，separation of syndromes and extraction of syndrome elements，established the Excel database，and finally imported the SPSS 25.0 statistical software for data frequency statistics.Results:A total of 90 qualified documents were collected，including 10,304 cases，29 syndromes were obtained after normalization，and 11 disease nature syndrome elements and 4 disease location syndrome elements were obtained after separating syndrome types and extracting syndrome elements.The most common syndromes were syndrome of Qi stagnation and blood stasis [2,140(20.77%)]，syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency [2070(20.09%)]，followed by dampness-heat accumulation syndrome，liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome，and liver stagnation and Qi stagnation syndrome.Qi stagnation(27.80%)，blood stasis(20.12%)，Qi deficiency(16.53%)，dampness(13.688%)，and heat(9.63%) were the most common disease nature syndrome elements.Among their combinations，Qi stagnation and blood stasis(22.01%)，Qi stagnation and Qi deficiency(20.03%)，and dampness and heat(13.15%) were the most common types.Liver and spleen were the most common disease location syndrome elements，accounting for 86.72%; in the combination，diseases mainly occur in both liver and spleen，accounting for 40.45%.There were four syndrome element combinations，among which the combination of two syndrome elements appeared the most frequently，accounting for 53.36%.Conclusion:Qi stagnation and blood stasis were the basic pathogenesis of PLC，liver，spleen，Qi stagnation，blood stasis，Qi deficiency，dampness and heat were the common syndrome elements，and dampness and heat were key to the occurrence and development of this disease.