To summarize the population characteristics and medication characteristics of Xiyanping Injection in the treatment of children with upper respiratory tract infection(URTI) in the real world.Methods:Based on the medical data of children with URTI who had used Xiyanping Injection at least once in 29 Hospital Information System(HIS) data warehouses from December 2006 to June 2016，the population characteristics of 24 062 patients were analyzed descriptively.The Apriori algorithm in data mining was used to build the model for the combined medication information in medical orders.Clementine12.0 was used to interpret the model，and the complex network graph was used to visualize the results.Results:There were 13 730 males(63.71%) and 7 820 females(36.29%)，with an average age of(3.28±0.04) years.Xiyanping Injection in the real world was mostly used for the treatment of children with URTI in general pathogenic conditions.The proportion of patients with 4-7 d hospitalization was the highest(57.65%).Xiyanping Injection was mainly used for patients diagnosed with URTI by western medicine，and those diagnosed with cold of wind-heat syndrome and dampness-heat syndrome by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Xiyanping Injection was mainly used in combination with Chinese patent medicines such as heat-clearing agents，vitamins，mucilage-dissolving drugs，and the second-generation cephalosporin.Conclusion:In the real world，the population characteristics of Xiyanping Injection in the treatment of URTI in children conform to the general rule of the pediatric respiratory infectious disease population.The analysis of drug combination characteristics reflects the complex and diversity of symptoms in children with URTI，providing references for the drug regimen of integrated TCM and western medicine in the treatment of children with URTI.