Liver cancer with a high incidence and mortality is the main cause of cancer death all over the world.The occurrence of liver cancer is associated with chronic liver diseases，such as cirrhosis and viral hepatitis.This disease can hardly be cured，and the early diagnosis method and treatment regimen remain to be developed.Intestinal microbiota refers to a large number of microorganisms on the intestinal surface.The intestinal barrier can avoid the direct contact between the bacteria in the intestinal tract and the human body.Since intestinal microbiota is an important participant in the metabolism，its roles in the human body have been extensively studied.Studies have proved that intestinal microbiota plays a role in the progression of human diseases.The research on intestinal microbiota is conducive to deciphering the mechanism of related diseases.This article reviews the role of intestinal microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma(including the gut-liver axis)，the relationship between intestinal microbiota and chronic liver diseases，and the role of metabolite-related pathways in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Furthermore，this article summarizes the current Chinese and western medicine protocols involving intestinal microbiota in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma，and finds that traditional Chinese medicine can relieve the clinical symptoms of the patients.This article can provide reference for the theoretical research and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.