To observe the effect of rectoclysis with Binghuang Wuling Powder on neuron-specific enolase(NSE)，S100β，and aquaporin 4(AQP4) in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Methods:Ninety SD rats were randomly assigned into a sham operation group，a model group，and a Binghuang Wuling Powder group.The rats in each group were scored for neurological deficits at different time points.The brain water content was measured by dry-wet weight method.The serum levels of NSE and S100β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)，and AQP4 expression in the brain tissue by immunohistochemistry.Results:The Binghuang Wuling Powder group had lower neurological deficit score，brain water content，serum NSE and S100β levels，and AQP4 expression level than the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Binghuang Wuling Powder can mitigate cerebral edema and protect nerve function in the treatment of MCAO rats.