To retrospectively analyze the effects of Mailuo Shutong Pills combined with conventional western medicine on hemorheology，vascular endothelial function，clinical symptom score，and other indicators in the treatment of patients with lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis after orthopedic surgery.Methods:A total of 150 patients with superficial thrombophlebitis of lower extremity after orthopedic surgery treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from May 2019 to October 2021 were enrolled and divided into a control group(n=67) and an observation group(n=83).All patients were treated with conventional western medicine，while those in the observation group received additional Mailuo Shutong Pills.The hemorheology，vascular endothelial function，and clinical symptom score were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences in hemorheology，vascular endothelial function，and clinical symptom score between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).The levels of plasma viscosity，erythrocyte sedimentation rate，fibrin，endothelin-1(ET-1)，thromboxane B2(TXB2)，and clinical symptom score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment(P<0.01)，and the levels of nitric oxide(NO)，vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)，and total clinical effective rate were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:For patients with lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis after orthopedic surgery，Mailuo Shutong Pills combined with conventional western medicine can effectively maintain the stability of hemorheological indexes，protect vascular endothelial cells，and relieve the symptoms of patients.