To investigate the effects of Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Prescription on the levels of brain-gut peptides and T cell-related cytokines in a mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) and explore its mechanism in the treatment of ITP.Methods:An ITP model was established using the passive immune modeling method.Prior to the experiment，blood was collected from 30 BALB/c mice via tail vein，and platelet counts were measured using an automated blood cell counter.The mice were then randomly divided into a control group，an ITP group，a prednisone group，and low- and high-dose Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Prescription groups，with six mice in each group.The levels of three brain-gut peptides and T cell-related cytokines in the brain，colon，and serum were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:Compared with the results in the ITP group，the levels of the three brain-gut peptides increased in the prednisone group except for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP) in the serum.The Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Prescription groups were able to increase the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the brain，colon-stimulating peptide，and PACAP in all three tissues.The serum PACAP level in the prednisone group was lower than that in the high-dose Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Prescription group.Compared with the ITP group，the prednisone group showed decreased γ-interferon levels in the serum and spleen and increased interleukin-2，interleukin-4，and interleukin-10 levels in the serum and spleen.In the serum and spleen，the Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Prescription groups showed increased interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 levels and decreased interleukin-17A level.In inter-group comparisons，the high-dose Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Prescription group showed higher serum interleukin-2 and spleen transforming growth factor-β1 levels than the prednisone group，and lower spleen interleukin-17A level than the prednisone group.Conclusion:Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Prescription can improve the imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and Th17 cells/regulatory T cells in the treatment of ITP through the following three mechanisms:1）by up-regulating the levels of brain-gut peptides to improve gut immune dysfunction mediated by the brain-gut axis，reduce the number of Th1 cells and Th17 cells，and increase the levels of Th2 cells and regulatory T cells; 2）by inhibiting the secretion of γ-interferon from Th1 cells and interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 from Th17 cells，promoting the secretion of interleukin-17A from Th2 cells and transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-27 from regulatory T cells，and reversing the imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and Th17/regulatory T cells; 3）by up-regulating the level of interleukin-2 to indirectly restore the balance between Th1/Th2 cells and Th17/regulatory T cells by improving regulatory T cell defects.