The syndrome of liver qi deficiency has been widely recorded in ancient books and clinical practice throughout history，but traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) textbooks do not provide a detailed description of this concept.Through the literature review，it is found that the theory of liver qi deficiency originated from Huangdi's Internal Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing)，and gradually formed a complete system of theory，diagnosis，and treatment in later medical practice.Liver qi deficiency leads to a decrease in the liver's function of organization and regulation of qi flow，resulting in abnormal emotions and thinking，digestive system symptoms，malnourishment of tendons and vessels，menstrual and developmental abnormalities in women，and other symptoms.From the perspective of modern medicine，“liver qi deficiency” is similar to disorders of bile acid metabolism.This article distinguished between liver qi deficiency and liver blood deficiency and described the treatment characteristics of different diseases to broaden the clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas in TCM.