Ligusticum sinense Oliv cv.Chaxiong is a characteristic medicinal herb in Jiangxi province and has a long history of medical use，with the effects of promoting blood circulation，regulating qi movement，expelling wind，and relieving pain.Modern research has proved that this herb mainly contains chemical components such as phthalides，phenolic acids，alkaloids，flavonoids，coumarins，and polysaccharides and has anti-inflammatory，pain-relieving，antithrombotic，and vessel-dilating activities.Textual research of this herb was carried out with the herbal and medical books of past dynasties.The research progress in the chemical components and pharmacological effects of this herb was reviewed.Further，the quality markers of L.sinense Oliv cv.Chaxiong were predicted from the aspects of phylogenetic relationship，specific components，traditional efficacy，drug properties，chemical component measurability，and components in plasma，with a view to providing a basis for the in-depth research and development of this medicinal herb.