Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) as the unique medical system of China has always been protecting people's health in China.However，with the development of modern medicine，TCM faces the problems of objectivity，precision，and targeting.Transcriptome is the bridge connecting genes and phenotypes，determining whether genes are expressed or not.Regulated by both exogenous and endogenous factors，transcriptome data can reflect the overall and dynamic relationship between the internal genome and the external physical characteristics.This feature is consistent with the “holism” concept and the multi-target and multi-level treatment characteristics of TCM.Therefore，increasing scholars have been studying the targets and molecular mechanisms of TCM at the transcriptomic level to explore precision TCM.The recent years are witnessing the surge of transcriptomics studies about TCM and the evolution of detection technologies from gene array and RNA sequencing to single-molecule sequencing，single-cell sequencing，and spatial transcriptomics.However，as a relatively young field，transcriptomics remains to be improved to serve as a powerful tool for excavating the treasure of TCM.This article systematically summarized the current status of transcriptomics in TCM research，the commonly used techniques in transcriptomics research，and the transcriptomics research methods based on gene array，RNA sequencing，single-cell sequencing，spatial transcriptomics，and RNA interference.In addition，we pointed out the possible problems in existing studies，hoping to provide a methodological basis for the study of targets and mechanisms of TCM treatment from the perspective of transcriptomics.