To investigate the effect and mechanism of Tongxinbi Mixture on vascular endothelial injury and inflammatory responses in model rabbits with atherosclerosis based on the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammatory regulation pathway.Methods:The atherosclerosis model was induced by a high-fat diet and carotid artery balloon injury.The model rabbits were randomly divided into a model group，a simvastatin group，and high-，medium-，and low-dose Tongxinbi Mixture groups.Healthy male rabbits were selected and assigned to the control group.The rabbits in the control group were fed a normal diet，while those in the other groups were fed a high-fat diet.The simvastatin group received simvastatin tablets(1.33 mg/kg) by gavage，and the Tongxinbi Mixture groups received Tongxinbi Mixture at doses of 9.87 g/kg，4.93 g/kg，and 2.47 g/kg，respectively.The control group and the model group were given an equivalent volume of saline.Treatment was carried out continuously for 8 weeks.Blood lipid levels were measured after the animals were sacrificed.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect serum nitric oxide and endothelin levels.Semi-quantitative method was used to determine the positive cell counts of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)，matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)，and NF-κB.Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the protein expression levels of VEGF，MMP-9，and NF-κB in aortic tissue.Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-related proteins in aortic tissue.Results:Compared with the model group，the simvastatin group and the Tongxinbi Mixture groups showed significant improvements in serum total cholesterol，triglyceride，and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05，P<0.01)，decreased expression of VEGF，MMP-9，and NF-κB(P<0.05，P<0.01)，and reduced expression levels of NLRP3，apoptosis-associated speck-like protein，procaspase-1，and caspase-1(P<0.05，P<0.01).Conclusion:Tongxinbi Mixture can inhibit inflammatory responses regulated by the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway，protect vascular endothelium，and thereby alleviate the development of atherosclerosis.