To observe the effects of Yibu Formula on short-term efficacy and T-lymphocyte subset in patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes.Methods:Eighty patients diagnosed with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes between January 2018 and June 2020 at the Kunming Third People's Hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group，with 40 patients in each group.The control group received conventional chemotherapy for drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis，while the observation group received Yibu Formula in addition to the conventional treatment.The two groups were compared for sputum negative conversion，blood sugar levels at different periods，traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) efficacy after 6 months of treatment，improvement in TCM syndrome，absorption of pulmonary lesions，and cellular immune indicators.Adverse reactions were also recorded.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in general information of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).After 6 months of treatment，the TCM efficacy in the observation group was 87.50%，which was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The sputum negative conversion rates in the observation group at 6，9，and 12 months after treatment were 77.50%，82.50%，and 87.50%，respectively，all of which were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).The absorption rate of pulmonary lesions in the observation group was 87.50%，which was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After 3 and 6 months of treatment，the reduction in fasting blood glucose(FBG) in the observation group was superior to that in the control group(P<0.05 or 0.01).The improvement in TCM syndrome scores and T-lymphocyte subset levels in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P<0.05).The improvement in Th1，Th2，Th17，and Treg levels in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P<0.01).The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 25.00%，which was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Yibu Formula can significantly improve the immune function of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis complicated by type 2 diabetes，and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs，with the effect of increasing curative efficacy and reducing toxicity.