Vascular dementia is a cognitive impairment caused by cerebrovascular diseases and a common type of dementia in clinical practice.This disease stems from a series of pathological processes such as low cerebral blood flow perfusion and oxidative stress caused by vascular system damage.As a non-drug therapy，acupuncture and moxibustion has a wide application range in the clinical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and related diseases.Studies have shown that acupuncture and moxibustion can improve cognitive function，which involves the regulation of cell apoptosis，oxidative stress，neuroinflammation，and neurotransmitter pathway.Therefore，this paper introduces the therapeutic effect of acupuncture from the pathogenesis of vascular dementia，aiming to provide a reference for further revealing the potential mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of vascular dementia.