The theory of healthy qi and pathogenic qi is a basic model for understanding diseases in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)，which implies the philosophical thought of the contradictory unity.The occurrence and development of tumors is closely related to genetic mutation，and the behaviors of antioncogenes and oncogenes at the molecular level can be considered as symptoms and summarized into the theory of healthy qi and pathogenic qi.This paper analyzed the relationship between healthy qi and pathogenic qi demonstrated by antioncogenes and oncogenes in the occurrence and development of tumors，which is conducive to connecting the research findings of modern medicine with the basic TCM theory and expanding the theoretical connotation of healthy qi and pathogenic qi.It is expected to provide evidence for the TCM treatment of tumors.