The core pathogenesis of hypertension with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang is liver-kidney yin deficiency，water failing to nourish wood，yin failing to control yang，and ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang，which is usually treated by pacifying liver and subduing yang in clinical practice.Commonly used prescriptions include Tianma Gouteng Decoction，Zhengan Xifeng Decoction，and Jianling Decoction，and commonly involved medicinal materials include Concha Hailotidis，Concha Margaritifera，Concha Ostreae，Concha Mauritiae Arabicae，Haematitum，Fructus Tribuli，Apocyni Veneti，and Ferrum Squamae.These medicinal materials，with the effect of calming and inhibiting liver yang，exert their curative effects through multi-angle，multi-level and multi-target ways.This paper analyzed the relevant literature in China and abroad in recent years，and found that the molecular mechanism mainly involved regulating and repairing blood vessels，regulating microcirculation disorders and inflammatory response，preventing target organ damage，modulating immune dysfunction，modulating metabolic processes，etc.This paper aimed to provide theoretical support for the treatment of hypertension with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang with traditional Chinese medicine，promote the further development of basic research on pacifying liver and subduing yang，and provide new ideas for the prescription and medication of hypertension with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang，thereby facilitating the research and development of new drugs for clinical treatment.