To investigate the effects of Qufeng Xuanfei Decoction on the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1(TRPV1)，substance P(SP)，and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG) of the guinea pig model of cough hypersensitivity，and decipher the mechanism of Qufeng Xuanfei Decoction in relieving chronic cough.Methods:Forty-eight SPF-grade healthy male guinea pigs were randomized into normal control(normal saline)，model(normal saline)，Western medicine(capsazepine)，and Chinese medicine(Qufeng Xuanfei Decoction) groups.The guinea pig model of cough hypersensitivity was established by sensitization with ovalbumin.After one week of drug intervention，the cough times of guinea pigs in each group were measured by capsaicin atomization.The mRNA levels of TRPV1，SP，and CGRP in the DRG were measured by RT-PCR，and the protein levels of TRPV1，NK-1 receptor(NK1-R)，and CGRP in the DRG were measured by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the normal control group，the model group showed increased cough times，up-regulated mRNA levels of TRPV1，SP，and CGRP and up-regulated protein levels of TRPV1，NK-1R，and CGRP in the DRG(all P<0.01).Compared with the model group，both Western medicine and Chinese medicine reduced the cough times(P<0.05) and down-regulated the mRNA levels of TRPV1，SP，and CGRP in the DRG(P<0.01).In addition，the Western medicine down-regulated the protein levels of TRPV1，NK-1R and CGRP in the DRG(P<0.05) and the Chinese medicine down-regulated the protein levels of NK-1R and CGRP(P<0.05).The protein level of TRPV1 showed no significant difference between the Chinese medicine group and the model group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Qufeng Xuanfei Decoction may block the TRPV1 channel and inhibit the dorsal root reflex to reduce the neurogenic inflammation in the airway.