Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the malignant diseases of the digestive tract，with high morbidity and mortality in China.The microorganism-gut-brain axis includes gut flora and their metabolites，enteric nervous system，autonomic nervous system，neuroimmune system，neuroendocrine system，and central nervous system.It plays an important role in the growth，proliferation，invasion，and metastasis of CRC cells.According to the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)，CRC can be treated from both the brain and the gut.The balance of the microorganism-gut-brain axis can be maintained by regulating the intestinal flora，which can inhibit the progression of CRC.