Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma is one of the classical herbs used in the management of qi and spleen，which has the effect of harmonizing the spleen and stomach，strengthening the spleen and benefiting qi，drying dampness and inducing diuresis，stopping sweating，and calming the fetus.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma contains many effective active ingredients，such as volatile oils and lactones.It has anti-inflammatory，antibacterial，and neuroprotective effects and can effectively improve intestinal flora and metabolites and regulate gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters.The current incidence of slow-transit constipation(STC) is getting higher，and the severe cases are even life-threatening，affecting people's quality of life.Studies have shown that Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma has a good effect in treating STC and can effectively improve the symptoms of patients with STC.Through literature review，the relevant pharmacological effects of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and its active ingredients in STC were summarized，and the mechanisms of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and its compounds and classical formulas to treat STC through Cajal interstitial cells(ICC)，intestinal neurotransmitters，intestinal smooth muscle，and water channel proteins(AQPs) were analyzed，so as to provide corresponding references for clinical standardization of medication.