To study the expressions of interleukin-27(IL-27) and interleukin-10(IL-10) in serum and spleen tissue of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) model mice with spleen deficiency and their significance.Methods:A total of 24 BALB/c mice were divided into control group，model group，prednisone group，and Jianpi Yiqi Shexue group by interval grouping method.Except for the control group，the other three groups received passive immunity to establish ITP model with spleen qi deficiency.After modeling，the model group and the control group were given normal saline by gavage，while the two treatment groups were given prednisone and Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Granules by gavage.Each group was orally administered once a day for 8 consecutive days.The platelet count in peripheral blood and the expressions of IL-27 and IL-10 in serum and spleen were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the conditions in the control group，IL-27 and IL-10 in serum and spleen of the model group were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group，both treatment groups had elevated IL-10 in serum and spleen(P<0.05)，and up-regulated IL-27(P>0.05).Conclusion:IL-27 and IL-10 may play a protective role in ITP with spleen qi deficiency，mainly acting in peripheral blood rather than the spleen.In addition，the mechanism of prednisone and Jianpi Yiqi Shexue Granules in treating ITP may be related to increasing IL-10，but not to increasing IL-27.