To observe the regulatory effect of moxibustion on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) signaling pathway in the colonic mucosa of the rat model of ulcerative colitis(UC) and explore the mechanism of moxibustion in treating UC.Methods:Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned into normal，UC model，moxibustion，and Western medicine groups.The UC rat model was established by free access to 4% dextran sulphate sodium(DSS) solution for 7 days.Herbs-partition moxibustion was applied on bilateral Tianshu(ST25) and Shangjuxu(ST37) in the moxibustion group，and the solution of mesalazine enteric-coated tablets was used for gavage in the Western medicine group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to measure the content of LPS in the serum.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of LPS-binding protein(LBP)，cluster of differentiation 14(CD14)，TLR4，myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)，TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β(TRIF)，interleukin(IL)-6，and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the colonic tissue.RT-PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the colonic tissue.Results:Compared with the normal group，the modeling of UC increased content of LPS and up-regulated the protein levels of LBP，CD14，TLR4，MyD88，TRIF，IL-6，and TNF-α and the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.01 or P<0.05)，which，however，all reduced after moxibustion(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion may alleviate intestinal inflammation in UC rats by regulating the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway.