Ischemic stroke is closely related to the development of ischemic stroke due to local ischemia and hypoxia in the cerebral vasculature，followed by activation of intravascular inflammatory responses and ultimately a series of central nervous system immune responses，which play an important role in both brain injury and neurological repair processes.Neutrophils，glial cells，lymphocytes and other immune cells have a dual role，which can release pro-inflammatory factors to aggravate brain injury，as well as release neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors for brain protection.This article reviews the mechanisms of the intravascular inflammatory response and immune response of central nervous system after ischemic stroke and the role of Chinese Medicine on immune cells involved in this process，aiming to provide evidence and ideas for the treatment of ischemic stroke.