Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with persistently high incidence and mortality rates worldwide，posing a serious threat to people's lives and health.Modern medicine has undergone three major transformations in the treatment of lung cancer，i.e.，traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy，precision targeted therapy，and immunotherapy.Among them，immunotherapy mainly relies on the adaptive immune system to monitor and kill tumor cells.The currently popular chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy enhances the ability of T cells to target and kill tumor cells，achieving the goal of anticancer treatment.Immunocytes are part of the tumor microenvironment(TME)，indicating that intervening in the TME has become a focus of cancer treatment.TME can be speculated based on analogies from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)，and its pathogenesis is summarized as follows：immune evasion is similar to the disharmony between nutrient and defensive qi and insecurity of lung-defensive qi; hypoxic microenvironment is similar to qi deficiency of lung，spleen，and kidney; acidic microenvironment is similar to phlegm-dampness obstructing the lungs; inflammatory microenvironment is similar to accumulation of phlegm，blood stasis，and cancer toxin.It suggests that by aligning lung cancer TME with TCM pathogenesis，this study can provide a reference for the selection of TCM treatment for lung cancer.