To investigate the anti-aging effect of Chinese yam polysaccharides and explore their mechanism of action based on the model of Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans).Methods:Based on the model of C.elegans，the anti-aging pharmacological activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides was investigated by using lifespan，pharyngeal pump frequency，physical activity frequency，lipofuscin fluorescence，compressive test，reactive oxygen species fluorescence，antioxidant enzyme activity，and other indicators.Transcriptome data analysis was used to explore the anti-aging mechanism of Chinese yam polysaccharides.Results:Chinese yam polysaccharides could prolong the lifespan of C.elegans，alleviate the decline of pharyngeal pump frequency and physical activity frequency，reduce the accumulation of lipofuscin and reactive oxygen species during aging，and improve the compressive capacity and antioxidant activity of C.elegans.Transcriptomics Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis revealed significant changes in the endocrine system，cell growth，and apoptosis pathway.Chinese yam polysaccharides regulated the expression of 30 aging-related genes，and differential genes were mainly significantly enriched in autophagy，mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)，and insulin signaling pathways.Conclusion:Chinese yam polysaccharides have significant anti-aging pharmacological activity，and transcriptome data reveals that this anti-aging effect may be related to autophagy，mTOR，and insulin signaling pathways.