Based on the classical theory，this paper analyzed the connotation of five fluids and the theory of “kidney governs water”，summarized the diagnosis and treatment experience of physicians in previous dynasties，and discussed the treatment of five fluid disorders from the perspective of “kidney governs water”.The Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon first proposed that “kidney governs water”，which was inherited and developed by later generations of physicians.It is an important part of the visceral state theory，a basic theory of modern Chinese medicine.The dysfunction of the five zang organs can lead to the disorder of the ingestion and absorption of the corresponding five fluids.Although the fluid of the kidney is manifested as saliva，it is also closely related to the function of the kidney because it is responsible for the delivery and excretion of water throughout the body and the dispersion of the fluid of the other four zang organs.For example，the disorder of snot may not be closely related to lung health but is mainly due to kidney weakness.Based on the classic theory and the experience of famous physicians in diagnosis and treatment，doctors of traditional Chinese medicine found that the “five zang organs and five fluids” were dominated by kidney water under the guidance of the overall concept，and the five fluids interacted with each other，not only focusing on the original viscera but also affecting the whole body.The treatment should focus on regulating the root cause and giving consideration to other viscera，and the idea and method of treating five fluid disorders with acupuncture and medicine were put forward，so as to expand the dialectical thinking for clinical treatment of five fluid-related diseases，encourage the dialectical thinking，and effectively guide clinical practice.