To observe the effect of Tangluoning-containing serum on inflammation of rat dorsal root ganglion cells exposed to high glucose in vitro and explore the mechanism of Tangluoning in protecting the dorsal root ganglion cells.Methods:The Schwann cells cultured with high glucose were classified into normal，high glucose，and Tangluoning groups.After 48 h of treatment，exosomes were extracted from the supernatant of cell culture.The exosomes of each group were used to intervene in the rat dorsal root ganglion cells cultured with and without high glucose，respectively.The cells were grouped as follows：no exosome+normal glucose，exosomes from normal cells+normal glucose，exosomes from cells cultured with high glucose+normal glucose，exosomes from cells cultured with Tangluoning+normal glucose，no exosome+high glucose，exosomes from normal cells+high glucose，exosomes from cells cultured with high glucose+high glucose，and exosomes from cells cultured with Tangluoning+high glucose.After 48 h，cells in each group were collected.The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay was used to examine the cell viability in each group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)，interleukin-6(IL-6)，and IL-1β] in the supernatant of cell culture.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of TNF-α，IL-6，and IL-1β.Results:Compared with the group of exosomes from normal cells+normal glucose，the group of exosomes from cells cultured with high glucose+normal glucose showed decreased cell viability(P<0.05) and up-regulated expression of TNF-α，IL-6，and IL-1β(P<0.05).Compared with the group of exosomes from cells cultured with high glucose+normal glucose，the group of exosomes from cells cultured with Tangluoning+normal glucose showed increased cell viability(P<0.05) and down-regulated expression of inflammatory mediators(P<0.05).Different groups of exosomes showed similar effects on the dorsal root ganglion cells cultured with high glucose.Conclusion:Tangluoning can reduce the inflammation of dorsal root ganglion cells in rats by regulating the exosomes derived from Schwann cells.