Banxia Xiexin Decoction is one of the classic formulas recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases(Shang Han Lun)，with the effects of regulating the liver and spleen，balancing cold and heat，and dispersing mass and resolving accumulation.Modern medical research has shown that Banxia Xiexin Decoction has the effects of protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa，inhibiting gastrointestinal tract tumors，regulating intestinal microbiota，lowering blood glucose，mitigating insulin resistance，modulating neurotransmitters，and preventing depression.This article comprehensively reviews the research progress in the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Banxia Xiexin Decoction.Furthermore，we predict the quality markers(Q-markers) of Banxia Xiexin Decoction according to the transmission，traceability，specificity，effectiveness，and measurability of Q-markers and the compatibility environment.The results suggest that epiberberine，coptisine，palmatine，berberine，baicalin，glycyrrhizic acid，6-gingerol，and β-sitosterol can serve as the Q-markers of BXD.The findings provide scientific reference for establishing a quality control system and a whole process quality traceability system for Banxia Xiexin Decoction and its compound preparations.