To investigate the regulatory effect of Caragana sinica root on the Toll-like receptors(TLRs) signaling pathway in the kidneys of hyperuricemia(HUA) model rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats were used，with 10 reserved to the control group.The remaining 50 rats were given oteracil potassium(1.5 g/kg) and adenine(0.1 g/kg) via gavage to induce HUA.After successful modeling，the rats were randomly divided into a model group，an allopurinol group，and high-dose，medium-dose，and low-dose C.sinica root groups，with 10 rats in each group.The high-dose，medium-dose，and low-dose groups received C.sinica root decoction at doses of 5.4 g/kg，2.7 g/kg，and 1.35 g/kg，respectively.The allopurinol group received allopurinol at 50 mg/kg，while the control and model groups were given saline at 10 mL/kg，all administered via gavage for 14 consecutive days.Serum was collected after treatment for renal function tests，and kidney tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) for histopathological examination.Western blot(WB) was used to detect the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)，Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)，myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)，and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) proteins in the kidney tissue.Results:After treatment with C.sinica root，there was a significant reduction in the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney tissues compared to the model group.Serum levels of uric acid，blood urea nitrogen，and creatinine were significantly elevated in the model group compared to those in the control group(P<0.01).After treatment，these levels significantly decreased in the allopurinol and high-dose，medium-dose，and low-dose C.sinica root groups compared to the model group(P<0.01).The expression of TLR2，TLR4，MyD88，and IL-1β proteins in the kidney tissue was significantly higher in the model group compared to those in the control group(P<0.05).After drug intervention，the expression levels of these proteins were significantly downregulated in the allopurinol and high-dose，medium-dose，and low-dose C.sinica root groups compared to those in the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:C.sinica root decoction can inhibit tissue inflammation and reduce uric acid levels by downregulating the expression of key targets in the TLRs/MyD88/IL-1β pathway in the kidney tissues of HUA rats.