Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun) is the foundational text of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formulas，pioneering the approach of syndrome differentiation and treatment.Building on theories from the Plain Questions：Discussion on Heat(Su Wen：Re Lun Pian)，ZHANG Ji synthesized medical writings from before the Eastern Han Dynasty，combined his clinical experience，and incorporated various formulas to complete this comprehensive work.It expounds the diagnosis and treatment of not only external febrile diseases but also internal diseases，gynecology，and surgical conditions.The diagnostic and therapeutic methods based on syndrome differentiation for the recorded syndromes in surgical diseases，such as carbuncle，intestinal carbuncle，soaking ulcers，yin-yang toxin，and lily disease，still hold significant practical and academic value today.Through literature review，ZHANG Ji's approach to surgical diseases is marked by basing diagnosis on six meridians differentiation，emphasizing disease transmission and transformation，focusing on pulse diagnosis，primarily using formulas in combination，combining internal and external treatments，and prioritizing prevention，and combining prevention and treatment.