Lipid metabolism disorders arise from metabolic dysfunctions characterized by increased fat synthesis and reduced degradation，often due to excessive intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods.These disorders are closely associated with，and often causally linked to，various diseases such as obesity，hyperlipidemia，hypertension，and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma are the primary active components of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma，and in recent years，their lipid-regulating effects have gained significant attention from scholars both in China and abroad.However，due to problems such as poor solubility，low bioavailability，and certain adverse reactions，the clinical application of anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has been greatly limited.Consequently，the derivatives of anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma have attracted growing interest，expanding the potential applications of these compounds.Through a review of experimental studies conducted over the past 10 years on the lipid metabolism effects of anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma，as found in databases such as CNKI and PubMed，both in vivo and in vitro research has been categorized.In vivo studies have been further classified into different models，including hyperlipidemic animals，aging mice，NAFLD animals，and obese animals.This review organizes the pharmacological activities and targets of these compounds in regulating lipid metabolism across various models，offering insight into their lipid-lowering effects.These findings aim to provide valuable references for the further research and development of anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and their derivatives.