Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a common lung condition characterized by symptoms such as dyspnea，chronic cough，and airway inflammatory responses.In recent years，traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has made significant progress in treating respiratory diseases，demonstrating considerable potential in modulating the pulmonary-gut mucosal immune system，which is crucial for COPD treatment.Particularly，pulmonary-gut signal transduction mediated by the mechanisms of mucosal lymphocyte migration and homing highlights the close relationship between the lungs and the gut，suggesting that targeting the pulmonary-gut mucosal immune system is a new effective approach for treating lung diseases.This review discussed the regulatory mechanisms of pulmonary-gut mucosal immune responses and recent research advancements in TCM modulation of this system in COPD treatment.Findings indicate that TCM can intervene in COPD by antagonizing airway and lung inflammatory responses，regulating innate lymphoid cells(ILCs) and T helper 17(Th17) immune responses，repairing the mucosal barrier，and adjusting the migration and homing of pulmonary-gut mucosal lymphocytes.This research provides a reference for further exploration and application of TCM in treating COPD and other lung diseases，as well as foundational insights and directions for in-depth clinical development and mechanistic studies.