To explore the effect of modified Mengshi Guntan Decoction(JWMS) on the nervous and immune systems of mice by observing their chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) behaviors,as well as changes in the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum and hippocampus and the levels of microglial cells and neurons in the hippocampus.Methods:A mouse model of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) was established by CUMS method and was treated by gavage with different doses of JWMS.Behavioral indexes of mice were determined by behavioral evaluation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the contents of interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum and hippocampal tissue.The changes in neuronal activity in the hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining.NeuN and microglial cell activation were evaluated by immunofluorescence.Results:After six weeks of stress exposure,the autonomic activity,exploration,and curiosity degree about the new environment of mice with CUMS decreased.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and hippocampal tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01),and IL-10 content was significantly decreased(P<0.01).At the same time,Nissl staining in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus became shallow(P<0.01),and microglial cells were activated(P<0.01).The number of neurons was decreased(P<0.01).The damage to hippocampal neurons was obvious.After JWMS treatment,the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 could be increased,and the content of inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNF-α could be reduced.The damage to hippocampal nerves could be alleviated.Conclusion:Chronic stress can cause inflammatory response and neuroimmune damage.JWMS can modulate the inflammatory response and has obvious neuroprotective effects.