To explore Professor PIAO Bingkui's unique syndrome differentiation system for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment and achieve a structured and scientific representation of renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) expertise.Methods:Clinical records of lung cancer patients treated by Professor PIAO Bingkui from January 2006 to October 2020 were collected to establish a database.Descriptive statistics and Bayesian network analysis were used to construct syndrome characteristic models and syndrome differentiation models.Results:Based on 15 key diagnostic elements，37 syndrome characteristic models were developed，visually representing the distribution of lung cancer syndromes.Furthermore，a Bayesian network analysis was applied to construct syndrome differentiation models for five major syndrome types，i.e.，“spleen-lung qi deficiency”“phlegm-dampness accumulation”“dampness-heat and toxin stagnation”“liver-kidney deficiency”，and “blood stasis obstructing the brain collaterals”.Conclusion:A structured syndrome differentiation system for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment，based on Professor PIAO Bingkui's clinical experience，was successfully established.This system emphasizes a systemic perspective for disease location differentiation，a holistic perspective for disease nature differentiation，and a dynamic perspective for disease-syndrome differentiation，aligning with Professor PIAO Bingkui's clinical approach.