The theory of “Shaoyang dominating the bone” originates from the Huangdi's Internal Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing) and elaborates the relationship between Shaoyang and bones from multiple perspectives，including meridians，collaterals，and Zang-fu organs.It serves as an important guiding principle in the clinical treatment of chronic musculoskeletal diseases，in addition to the well-known theory that “kidneys governing the bone”.A review of recent studies on the “Shaoyang dominating the bone” theory reveals that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatments，both internal and external，guided by this theory，show significant efficacy in treating chronic musculoskeletal disorders.Additionally，biological mechanism studies indicate that Chinese medicine compound formulas can treat bone diseases governed by Shaoyang by reducing inflammatory mediators，inhibiting vascular plaque formation，modulating bone turnover pathways，and intervening in cell aging and apoptosis.Furthermore，research on the pathogenesis of liver-related bone diseases reveals that the concept of the “liver-bone axis” aligns with the theoretical framework of “Shaoyang dominating the bone”.Based on this，a new perspective is proposed，suggesting further research on the mechanisms of “Shaoyang dominating the bone” from the viewpoint of the “liver-bone axis”.